Domain Name System (DNS) Components and Working

The DNS is an important concepts in the internet, networking and web development. The abbreviation DNS stands for Domain Name System. It acts like the internet phonebook by translating human-readable domain names (such as `www.edutation.com`) into IP addresses (such as `192.168.1.1`) that computers use to communicate.

What is DNS?

DNS stands for Domain Name System. When you type a website address into your browser like www.edutation.com, your computer cannot understand this name directly. It needs an IP address to request and receive data and open the website. DNS converts www.edutation.com to the server IP Address like 192.168.1.1. Without DNS. We would have to remember IP addresses instead of domain to access every website.

Why DNS is Required

Imagine there is no DNS then we need to remember thousands of IP addresses is impossible. DNS resolve the problem to remember IP addresses instead of typing Domain like edutation.com, anurl.me, yograb.com etc. Imagine there was no DNS.

DNS Components

A. Domain Name Domain has three parts like Subdomain, Domain and TLD. Suppose, we have a domain www.edutation.com.

1. www → Subdomain
2. edutation → Domain
3. com → Top Level Domain (TLD)

B. IP Address An IP (Internet Protocol) address is serves as a unique numerical label identifier for every device connected to a network. It is like a digital identifier, enabling devices to locate and communicate with each other across LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network) and internet. There are 2 type of IP address Versions available IPv4 (like 192.168.1.1) and IPv6 (like 2404:6800:4009:80b::200e).
DNS maps domain names to related IP addresses.
C. DNS Server A DNS servers store DNS records like domain and related public IP address. These DNS servers act as the middleware between your computer / device and the internet. When you type in a URL, the resolver asks other servers to find the exact IP address and then caches the results to speed up future requests.
There are many DNS servers on the Internet. Popular ISP (Internet Service Provider) DNS Servers.

• Google DNS
• Cloudflare DNS
• OpenDNS
• Airtel DNS
• ISP DNS

How DNS Works